Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Objective: The etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of 1170 patients\nwith symptomatic epilepsy were retrospectively analyzed and provided\nguidance for further treatment of symptomatic epilepsy. Method: A retrospective\nanalysis of 1170 cases of symptomatic epilepsy admitted to the First\nAffiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from January 2013 to June 2018 was\nconducted to analyze the etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of\ndifferent age groups. Results: Symptomatic epilepsy is high in the elderly, and\nmen are more than women. Among the 1170 patients with symptomatic epilepsy,\nthere were 81 (6.9%) cases of brain injury, 721 (61.6%) cases of cerebrovascular\ndisease, 223 (19.0%) cases of tumor, 59 (5.0%) cases of central\nnervous system infection, 33 (2.8%) cases of immune metabolic disease, 11\n(0.9%) cases of drugs, 6 (0.5%) cases of cortical dysplasia, 6 (0.5%) cases of\nneurodegenerative disease, 4 (0.3%) cases of parasites, 4 (0.3%) cases of poisons,\nand 22 (1.9%) cases of other diseases. Among them, central nervous\nsystem infection and cerebrovascular disease ranked first among the patients\naged 0 - 18 years, followed by immune metabolic diseases; cerebrovascular\ndisease ranked first among the patients aged 19 - 39 years, followed by tumors\nand brain trauma; cerebrovascular disease ranked first among the patients\naged 40 - 65 years, followed by tumors and brain trauma; cerebrovascular\ndisease ranked first among the patients aged over 65 years, followed by tumors,\namong the types of seizures, 74 (6.3%) cases of tonic seizures, 68 (5.8%)\ncases of clonic seizures, 856 (73.2%) cases of tonic-clonic seizures, 27 (2.3%)\ncases of myoclonic seizures, 12 (1.0%) cases of absence seizures, 116 (9.9%)\ncases of complicated partial seizures, and 17 (1.5%) cases of partial seizures,\nin addition to the etiology, 795 (67.9%) cases of sodium valproate, 152\n(13.0%) cases of carbamazepine, 56 (4.8%) cases of topiramate, 117 (10.0%)\ncases of levetiracetam, 23 (2.0%) cases of lamotrigine, and 27 (2.3%) cases of\nothers were taken. Conclusion: In symptomatic epilepsy, different age groups\nhave different causes. Among them, cerebrovascular disease, central nervous\nsystem infection, brain trauma, and brain tumor are the main causes. The\nmost common type of seizures is the occurrence of tonic-clonic seizures. The\nmost common drugs are sodium valproate and carbamazepine....
It is well known that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or fragile X syndrome (FXS) demonstrate\nexpressive language difficulties beginning early in childhood. It is less clear, however, whether expressive language\nskills change during the adolescent period in these individuals, and if any of these changes are syndrome specific.\nStudying this, as well as the role of maternal and family-related factors in expressive language development, may\nprovide the foundation for efficacious interventions for adolescents with DS or FXS.\nMethods: In this study, we examined expressive language trajectories, assessed through conversation and\nnarration, in 57 adolescent males with intellectual disability (ID) (20 DS and 37 FXS) in relation to the diagnostic\ngroup (DS vs. FXS) and family-related factors (maternal IQ, maternal psychological distress, closeness in the motherâ??\nchild relationship, family income, and maternal and paternal education) after adjusting for chronological age (CA)\nand nonverbal cognition.\nResults: Changes over repeated annual assessments for males with DS or FXS were observed only during\nconversation, such as an increase in talkativeness, but a decrease in syntax complexity and lexical diversity. We\nfound a diagnosis-related effect in the change over time in conversational talkativeness favoring those with FXS.\nFinally, a closer motherâ??child relationship predicted less decrease over time in lexical diversity during conversation,\nand participants of mothers who graduated college showed a greater increase in conversational talkativeness over\ntime compared to those of mothers with a high school education.\nConclusions: Our results suggest that, during the adolescent period for males with DS or FXS, there is an increase\nin the amount of talk produced in conversational contexts, but also a decrease in the quality of the language\nproduced. In addition, our results indicate syndrome-specificity for aspects of expressive language development\nand reinforce the protective role of family-related factors....
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a\nmarker of subclinical inflammation, and may have a predictive power in\nprognosis and severity of atherosclerosis-related diseases. This study aimed to\nassess an association between the NLR, and clinical characteristics and onemonth\noutcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Subjects and Methods: This\ncase-control observational prospective study included 75 patients admitted to\nstroke unit of Ain Shams University hospitals with AIS, sub grouped into 3\nequal groups according to subtype of AIS, in addition to 25 healthy individuals.\nThe demographic characteristics of the patients, complete blood picture\ntest results at presentation, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)\nscores and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were recorded. The clinical\noutcome was assessed by the NIHSS and mRS scores after one month. Results:\nThe total leucocyte count was significantly higher in large artery atherosclerosis\n(P = 0.004) and cardioembolic (P = 0.020) stroke groups, unlike\nlacunar stroke group (P = 0.082), when compared to controls. The neutrophils\ncount was higher.....................
The COVID-19 started in China and took over the world becoming a pandemic,\narriving in Latin America in mid-February 2020. The South American\ncontinent is going through a delicate political, economic, and social moment\nthat reflects the fragility of our health systems and science, contagion rates\nreduction strategies, and health services overload. Nevertheless, several studies\nare being carried out in Brazil and worldwide aiming to understand the\ncharacteristics of the disease and the cure of people infected by the coronavirus.\nTherefore, we must consider science-based strategies to combat the pandemic\nand promote a health system that takes care of the population....
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is an uncommon diagnosis with an incidence\nof nearly 1 to 2 cases per million hallmarked by the presence of painful ophthalmoplegia\n(PO) due to a granulomatous inflammation (GI). Diagnostically,\nthe major THS challenges encountered are owing to the exclusion of other\nGI presenting conditions necessitating multi-specialization consultations.\nThis article presents uniquely advances in diagnosis and challenges encountered\nattempting to exclude THS mimics, details on physical examination and\nlaboratory investigations have been incorporated. Tolosa Hunt MRI protocol\n(contrast-enhanced MRI), restricted diffusion and CISS MRI have lately\nproved to be precise investigations for THS diagnosis and follow up, on the\ncontrary, number of false-negative/positive MRI diagnoses appears to be rising,\nhence proposed that MRI or biopsy shouldnâ??t be mandatory criteria for\ndiagnosis as opposed to IHS 2018 guidelines. Despite corticosteroids being\nthe cornerstone therapy for THS, there are controversies concerning the better\nadministration route, optimal dosage, and therapy longevity, through case\nreports, high dose IV mPSL of 500 mg BID for 3 days, followed with maintenance\ndose of prednisone 60 mg resulted in the earliest recovery, hereafter\nstandardized guidelines are required. Alternatively, infliximab (300 mg infusion),\nazathioprine, methotrexate, and acupuncture can be used, farther studies\nare required to appraise the effectiveness and their safety. On the other\nside, microsurgery can be utilized for GI evacuation however associated risks\nof permanent CN VI palsy have been stated, nonetheless, GKRS can be employed\nwhen contraindication or corticosteroid intolerability exists though\nthe hazard of late malignancy is a drawback....
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